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In this book Joseph Heath brings Jurgen Habermas's theory of communicative action into dialogue with the most sophisticated articulation of the instrumental conception of practical rationality-modern rational choice theory. Heath begins with an overview of Habermas's action theory and his critique of decision and game theory. He then offers an alternative to Habermas's use of speech act theory to explain social order and outlines a multidimensional theory of rational action that includes norm-governed action as a specific type.In the second part of the book Heath discusses the more philosophical dimension of Habermas's conception of practical rationality. He criticizes Habermas's attempt to introduce a universalization principle governing moral discourse, as well as his criteria for distinguishing between moral and ethical problems. Heath offers an alternative account of the level of convergence exhibited by moral argumentation, drawing on game-theoretic models to specify the burden of proof that the theory of communicative action and discourse must assume.

1 The Theory of Communicative Action ······················· 13 1.1 Outline of the Theory ··························· 17 1.2 Speech Act Theory ······························ 26 1.3 The Genesis of Communicative Action ······ 35 1.4 The Structure of the Argument ············· 45 2 Language and Strategic Action ···················· 49 2.1 The Instrumental Conception of Rationality · 52 2.2 Game Theory ······································ 59 2.3 Signaling Games ····························· 65 2.4 Cooperative Alternatives ··················· 73 2.5 The Nature of Communication ·············· 78 3 Communication and Justification ·················· 83 3.1 Commitment and Instrumental Rationality ·· 86 3.2 Discursive Commitment ······················· 92 3.3 The Three Validity Claims ··················· 107 3.4 The Analogy between Rightness and Truth · 119 4 The Origins of Accountability ··················· 129 4.1 Equilibrium Selection ························· 130 4.2 Two Solutions ··································· 135 4.3 A Problem ········································ 145 4.4 Social Norms ····································· 150 4.5 Differences from Habermas ··················· 161 5 Discourse Ethics ·································· 173 Foundations of Discourse Ethics ·················· 175 5.1 Moral Noncognitivism ························· 176 5.2 The Discourse Theory of Truth ·············· 180 5.3 The Discourse Theory of Rightness ·········· 189 5.4 The Dialogical Theory of Justification ········ 195 5.5 The Discourse Principle ·························· 211 6 Universalization ··································· 219 6.1 Why Convergence? ··························· 220 6.2 The Universalization Principle ··············· 227 6.3 Moral and Ethical Questions ················ 236 6.4 Bargaining and Consensus ··················· 242 7 Cognitivism and Convergence ···················· 255 7.1 Convergence and Representation ············ 258 7.2 A Pragmatist Theory of Convergence ······· 266 7.3 Convergence and Social Norms ·············· 272 7.4 Constructing Convergence ··················· 277 8 Transcendental Pragmatics ······················ 281 8.1 Transcendental Arguments ··················· 283 8.2 Revising the Rules of Discourse ············ 289 8.3 Cultural Relativity ······························ 298 8.4 Why Argumentation? ··························· 303 8.5 Summary of Conclusions ······················ 307 Abbreviations of Works by Habermas ·········· 313 Symbols Used in the Text ························· 315 Notes ··················································· 317 Bibliography ··········································· 349 Index ··················································· 359 Copyright

Joseph Heath is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Toronto.

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