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本书共分十二章，每章由四个专题组成。每个专题复习／介绍一个或几个句子结构。前几章以复习为主，兼学较为简单句型结构；后几章集中学习较为复杂的句型结构。每一章的开始部分都向学生简要介绍本章内容并预习将在本章出现的新结构和词汇，以帮助学生做好接受新知识和新词汇的准备工作。 所有句子结构都放在方框中以示突出，并附有一般规则介绍、例句、说明和拼写、标点符号、发音等的注释。

contents 目录 CHAPTER one 第一章 Langguage and Learing 语言和学习 Review of Basic Structures and Verb Forms 复习基本结构和动词形式 TOPlC ONE The Sentence and Its Parts A. Parts of Speech B. Sentences C. Subjects D. Verbs, Objects, and Complements E. Preview of the Tense System TOPIC TWO The Simple Tenses A. The Simple Tenses: An Overview B. The Simple Present Tense C. Special Uses of the Simple Present Tense D. The Simple Future and Be Going To E. The Simple Past Tense F. The Habitual Past: Would + Simple Form and Used TO + Simple Form TOPlC THREE The Continuous Tenses A. The Continuous Tenses: An Overview B. The Present Continuous Tense C. The Past Continuous Tense D. The Future Continuous Tense TOPIC FOUR The Perfect and Perfect Continuous Tenses and Verb Tense Review A. The Perfect Tenses: An Overview B. The Present Perfect Tense C. The Perfect Continuous Tenses: An Overview D. The Present Perfect Continuous and Present Perfect Tenses E. The Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous Tenses F. The Future Perfect and Future Perfect Continuous Tenses TOPIC FlVE Modal Auxiliaries A. Introduction to Modal Auxiliaries B. Ability and Potential with Can, Could, and Be Able To C. Advice and Suggestions with Had Better. Should (Have), Ought To (Have), Could (Have), and Might (Have) D. Expectations with Ought TO and Should E. Need or Obligation with Must, Have To, and Have Got To F. Lack of Need with Not Have TO G. Possibility with May (Have). Might (Have), and Could (Have) H. Probability with Must (Have) I. Preferences with Would (Have) J. Requests and Permission with Can, Could, May, Will, and Would K. Introduction to Focus on Testing focus on testing: verb tenses 学习指导 CHAPTER two 第二章 Danger and Daring 危险和冒险 Nouns and IVIodifiers 名词和修饰语 TOPIC ONE Review of Nouns, Pronouns, and Possessive Adjectives A. Introduction to Nouns B. Count Nouns C. Noncount Nouns D. Nouns That Are Both Count and Noncount E. Personal Pronouns and Possesive Adjectives focus on testing:pronoun usage TOPlC TWO Indefinite Articles and Quantifiers A. Indefinite Articles B. Units of Measurement C. Indefinite Adjectives and Pronouns TOPlC THREE The Definite Article (1) A. The Definite Article with Count Nouns B. The Definite Article with Noncount Nouns C. The with Quantifiers D. Quantifiers and Subject/Verb Agreement E. The Number of Versus A Number of: Subject/Verb Agreement F. Two-Part Subjects:Subject/Verb Agreement TOPIC FOUR The Definite Article (2) TOPIC FIVE Problem Areas with Nouns A. Word Order with Noun Modifiers B. Collective Nounst Agreement with Verbs and Pronouns C. Subject/Verb Word Order with "Negative" Adverbs D. Parallel Structure with Nouns and Noun Modifiers focus on testing: noun usage 学习指导 CHAPTER three 第三章 Man and Woman 男人和女人 Sentence Types and Sentence Problems 句型和常见问题 TOPlC ONE Commands and Exclamations A. Commands B. Exclamations TOPlC TWO Compound Sentences A. Coordinating Conjunctions with Clauses B. Coordinating Conjunctions with Words and Phrases C. Correlative Conjunctions TOPlC THREE Transitions TOPIC FOUR Complex Sentences A. Complex Sentences: An Overview B. Complex Sentences: Focus TOPIC FIVE Sentence Problems A. Comma Splices and Run-On Sentences B. Fragments focus on testing: compound and complex sentences 学习指导 CHAPTER four 第四章 Mysteries Past and Present 古今之谜 Adjective Clauses 形容词从句 TOPIC ONE Adjective Clauses: Restrictive Versus Nonrestrictive A. Introduction to Adjective Clauses B. Restrictive versus Nonrestrictive Adjective Clauses TOPIC TWO Adjective Clauses: Replacement of Subjects A. Clauses with Who, WhiCh, or That B. Clauses with Whose TOPIC THREE Adjective Clauses: Replacement of Objects A. Clauses with Whom, Which, or That (1) B. Clauses with Whom. Which, or That(2) C. Clauses with Whose TOPIC FOUR Other Adjective Clause Constructions A. Clauses with When and Where B. Nonrestrictive Adjective Clauses and Expressions of Quantity C. Adjective Clauses and Subject / Verb Agreement TOPlC FlVE Review of Chapters One to Four focus on testing: review of problem areas from chapters one to four 学习指导 CHAPTER five 第五章 Transitions 人生转折 Adverb Clauses and Related Structures (1) 副词从句和相关结构(1) TOPlC ONE Clauses and Related Structures of Time: Future Time A. Transitions of Sequence B. Time Clauses with the Present, Present Perfect, and Future Tenses C. Time Clauses with the Simple Present and Future Perfect (Continuous) Tenses D. Punctuation of Adverb Clauses and Phrases TOPIC TWO Clauses and Related Structures of Time: Present and Unspecified Time TOPIC THREE Clauses and Related Structures of Cause and Result TOPIC FOUR Clauses and Related Structures of Time Past Time A. Time Clauses and Phrases with the Simple Past and Past Perfect Tenses B. Time Clauses and Phrases with the Simple Past and Past Continuous Tenses focus on testing: connecting words and use of tenses 学习指导 CHAPTER six 第六章 The Mind 大脑 Adverb Clauses and Related Structures (2) 副词从句和相关结构(2) TOPIC ONE Clauses and Related Structures of Contrast 1 Concession TOPIC TWO Clauses and Related Structures of Contrast 2 Opposition TOPIC THREE Clauses and Phrases of Purpose TOPIC FOUR Clauses and Related Structures of Comparison A. Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs B. Clauses and Phrases Showing Comparison TOPIC FIVE Clauses of Result focus on testing: adverb clauses and related structures 学习指导 CHAPTER seven 第七章 Working 工作 Noun Clauses 名词从句 TOPIC ONE Clauses with That, Reported Speech A. Introduction to Noun Clauses B. Quotations Versus Reported Speech C. Changes in Verb Tense with Reported Speech D. Changes in Modal Auxiliaries with Reported Speech E. Changes in Pronouns, Adjectives, and Adverbials with Reported Speech F. Changing Commands to Reported Speech TOPIC TWO Clauses with Embedded Questions A. Clauses with Embedded Questions B. Clauses with If and Whether TOPIC THREE Statements and Requests of Urgency A. Statements of Urgency with That B. Urgent Requests with That TOPIC FOUR Clauses as Subjects of Sentences A. Clauses as Subjects of Sentences B. Anticipatory It and Clauses with That TOPIC FIVE Reduction of Clauses to lnfinitive Phrases A. Reduction of That Clauses in the Subjunctive Mood B. Reduction of Indirect Commands, Requests, and Embedded Questions focus on testing: noun chauses and noun clause reductions 学习指导 CHAPTER eight 第八章 Breakthroughs 突破 The Passive Voice 被动语态 TOPIC ONE The Simple Tenses A. Introduction to the Passive Voice B. The Simple Tenses C. By ＋ Agent D. Common Expressions in the Passive Voice E. Get＋Adjective or Past Participle F. Anticipatory It TOPIC TWO The Perfect Tenses TOPlC THREE The Continuous Tenses TOPlC FOUR The Modal Auxiliaries focus on testing:use of the passive voice TOPIC FlVE Review of Chapters Five to Eight focus on testing: review of problem areas from chapters five to eight 学习指导 Art and Entertainment 艺术和娱乐 Gerunds and Infinitives (1) 动名词和不定式(1) TOPIC ONE Gerunds A. Functions of Gerunds B. Gerunds as Objects of Prepositions C. TO + Gerund D. Gerunds as Objects of Verbs E. Subjects of Gerunds F. Direct Objects of Gerunds TOPIC TWO Infinitives A. Functions of Infinitives B. Infinitives as Objects of Verbs C. Verbs That May Be Followed by (Pro)nouns and Infinitives D. Verbs That Must Be Followed by a (Pro)noun Object Before an lnfinitive E. Adverbs, Adjectives, and Nouns Followed by Infinitives TOPIC THREE Verbs Followed by Either Infinitives or Gerunds TOPIC FOUR Infinitives and Gerunds as Subjects and Complements, Parallelism A. Infinitives and Gerunds as Subjects and Complements B. Parallelism focus on testing: use of infinitives and gerunds 学习指导 CHAPTER ten 第十章 Ethical Questions 伦理问题 Hope. Wish. and Conditional Sentences Hope, wish 和条件句 TOPIC ONE Hope Versus Wish A. Hope Versus Wish B. Subjunctive Forms with Wish TOPlC TWO Imaginary Conditions:Present and Unspecified Time A. Otherwise: Present Time B. Imaginary Conditions: Present and Unspecified Time C. Imaginary Conditions With ShouId or Were + Infinitive TOPIC THREE Perfect Modal Auxiliaries TOPlC FOUR lmaginary Conditions; Past and Present Time A. Otherwise: Past Time B. Imaginary Conditions: Past Time C. Imaginary Conditions: Past and Present Time focus on testing: use of subjunctive and conditional forms TOPlC FIVE Factual Conditions:Present, Future, and Unspecified Time A. Factual Conditions: Present or Unspecified time B. Factual Conditions: Future Time 学习指导 CHAPTER eleven 第十一章 Medicine 医药 Participial Phrases and Related Structures 分词词组和相关结构 TOPlC ONE Adjective Clause to Phrase Reduction A. Introduction to Participial Phrases B. Reduction of Adjective CIauses with Verbs in the Active Voice C. Reduction of Adjective Clauses with Simple-Tense Verbs in the Passive Voice D. Reduction of Adjective Clauses with Continuous-Tense Verbs in the Passive Voice E. Reduction of Adjective Clauses with Verbs in Perfect Tenses F. Review of Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Adjective Clauses G. Placement of Nonrestrictive Participial Clauses TOPlC TWO Verbs Followed by Participial Constructions; The Verbs Lay/Lie, Raise/Rise A. Verbs with TWo-Part Objects B. Verbs of Perception C. By with Phrases of Means or Manner D. Lay/Lie Raise/Rise TOPlC THREE Adverb Clause to Phrase Reduction A. Adverb Clause to Phrase Reduction B. Elliptical Phrases C. Dangling Phrases TOPIC FOUR Causative and Structurally Related Verbs focus on testing: use of participial phrases and related structures 学习指导 CHAPTER twelve 第十二章 The Future 未来 Gerunds and Infinitives (2) 动名词和不定式(2) TOPlC ONE Passive, Continuous, and Perfect Infinitives A. Review of Active and Passive Forms of Simple Infinitives B. Perfect and Continuous Forms of Active Infinitives C. More Verbs Followed by Infinitive Objects TOPIC TWO Passive and Perfect Gerunds A. Review of Active and Passive Forms of Simple Gerunds B. Perfect Forms of Gerunds C. More Verbs Followed by Gerund Objects focus on testing: use of gerunds and infivitives TOPIC THREE Review focus on testing: review of problem areas from chapters nine to twelve 学习指导 Appendix 附录 Index 索引

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