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In the second millennium CE, long before English became the language of science in the twentieth century, the act of translation was crucial for understanding and disseminating knowledge and information across linguistic and geographic boundaries. This volume considers the complexities of knowledge exchange through the practice of translation over the course of a millennium, across fields of knowledge—cartography, health and medicine, material construction, astronomy—and a wide geographical range, from Eurasia to Africa and the Americas. Contributors literate in Arabic, Catalan, Chinese, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Minnan, Ottoman, and Persian explore the history of science in the context of world and global history, investigating global patterns and implications in a multilingual and increasingly interconnected world. Chapters reveal cosmopolitan networks of shared practice and knowledge about the natural world from 1000 to 1800 CE, emphasizing both evolving scientific exchange and the emergence of innovative science. By unraveling the role of translation in cross-cultural communication, Knowledge in Translation highlights key moments of transmission, insight, and critical interpretation across linguistic and faith communities.

Table of Contents Foreword by Charles Burnett Preface Introduction: Knowledge in Translation / Patrick Manning Part I: Mapping the Earth The Geographical Concept of the Catalan mappamundi / Katrin Kogman-Appel Interpretation, Intention, & Impact: Andalusi Arab and Norman Sicilian Examples of Islamo-Christian Cartographic Translation / Karen Pinto Mountains of the Moon, Lakes in the Sun and Sinus Gangeticus / Rila Mukherjee The Global and the Maritime: Divergent Paradigms for Understanding the Role of Translation in the Emergence of Early Modern Science” / Robert Batchelor Part II: Constructing Society Charting South China in the Thirteenth-Century World: The First English Translation of Zhu fan zhi and Its Recipients in China in the 1930s / Huei-ying Kuo The Case of Bingata: Trafficking Textile Art and Technique across the East China Sea / BuYun Chen Mapping the Tracks of Yu: Yellow River Statecraft as Science and Technology, 1200-1600 / Ruth Mostern Part III: Advancing Health and Welfare Animal remedies in space and time: the case of the nail of the great beast / Irina Podgorny Translating Heaven: Divination and political authority under the Yuan Dynasty / Francesca Fiaschetti Between Local and Universal: Translating Knowledge in Early Modern Ottoman Plague Treatises / Nükhet Varlik Transposing Knowledge: Beyond Translation in the Medieval Islamic and Japanese Medical Literary Traditions / M. A. Mujeeb Khan Part IV: Charting the Skies The Nesting Hypothesis for Planetary Distances and Its Persistence Over the Centuries and Across Cultures / Bernard R. Goldstein and Giora Hon Marâgha Observatory: A Star in the Constellation of Eurasian / Roxann Prazniak Reading Between the Lines: Attitudes towards Arabic Astrology in the Latin Marginalia of Alcabitius's Introductorius ad magisterium iudiciorum astrorum / Margaret Gaida The Fourteenth-Century Transformation in China's Reception of Arabo-Persian Astronomy / Dror Weil Celestial Navigation: The First Translational Science / Pat Seed Notes Bibliography Contributors Index

Patrick Manning is Andrew W. Mellon Professor Emeritus of World History at the University of Pittsburgh and founding director of the World History Center there. He is the author or coeditor of numerous books, including Global Scientific Practice in an Age of Revolutions, 1750–1850. A Guggenheim Fellowship recipient and past president of the American Historical Association, Manning has also received awards from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the National Science Foundation, as well as the Pioneer in World History award from the World History Association. Abigail Owen is Special Faculty in the Department of History at Carnegie Mellon University, where she teaches Environmental History courses on water, agriculture, energy, and spatial history. She was the Mellon World History of Science Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Pittsburgh from 2015-16. She received her PhD in International/Global History from Columbia University in 2011.

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