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TABLE OF CONTEOTS PART ONE INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO INTERPRETATION I . What Interpretation Means II The Two Most Widely-Used Forms of Interpretation III. Prerequisites for Interpretation IV . Basic Qualities Required of the Interpreter V Dialectical-Materialism in Interpretation: Unity of Accuracy and Smoothness is Our Goal VI Genuine Knowledge Comes from Practice PART TWO STEPPING-STONE TO COMPE- TENCY IN CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETATION CHAPTER 2 FAMILIARITY WITH THE STRUCTURE OF SPOKEN ENGLISH I . Stressing II . Pronunciation III . Intonation IV. Rhythm V . Word Order VI Reading Aloud - Drills 1 and 2 CHAPTER 3 FAMILIARITY WITH POLITE FORMS IN ENGLISH EX. 1 Interpret the Following 80 Sentences Asking Favours Complaining Apologizing Polite Refusal Polite Orders Expressing Disapproval or Objection CHAPTR 4 CONSTANT EXPOSURE IS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE I . Our Strong Points and Weak Points II. Recognizing and Using the Correct Levels of English III. Absorption of Knowledge and Useful Expressions EX. 2 A Passage in the Consultative Style (E - C) EX. 3 A Passage in the Formal Style (E - C) EX.4 Sight-interpreting an Important Memorandum of Understanding CHAPTER 5 PROPER HANDLING OF IDIOMS - THREE RULES TO GO BY I Render the Meaning, not Mere Words, in the Light of the Context II . Distinguish the Commendatory Term from the Derogatory Term III . Do Not Misuse Foreign Idioms in Interpreting EX. 5 Interpret the Following Sentences into Chinese, Paying Attention to the Handling of the Idioms Therein EX.6 Interpret the Following Chinese Idioms into English CHAPTER 6 NOTE-TAKING IN INTERPRETING I . Two Special Features II . Some Practical Hints DI Practising Note-taking-Interpreting Procedural Brief for Meetings of the Security Council EX. 7 Interpret the Following Parts of Procedural Brief (E-C) EX.8 Interpret the Following Parts of Procedural Brief (C-E) CHAPTER 7 THE INTERPRETING OF FIGURES I . Some Practical Difficulties for Chinese Interpreters II . Practice Makes Perfect EX.9 Interpreting Figures (C-E) - Practising Notetaking at the Same Time EX.10 Interpreting Figures: Emphasis on Accuracy in Interpreting Dates EX.11 Interpreting Abbreviations-Specialized Agencies Related to the UN EX.12 Interpreting figures (C-E) EX.13 Interpreting figures (C-E) EX.14 Interpreting figures (E-C) on Sectoral Growth Rates of GDP (Countries in South Asia) EX.15 Interpreting Figures (C-E)-Facts and Figures on China's Achievements PART THREE PRACTISING CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETATION ON VARIOUS THEMES CHAPTER 8 FEATURES OF PART THREE AND THE BASICS OF INTERPRETATION TECHNIQUES I . Basic Features of the 13 Chapters in Part Three II . On the Basics of Interpretation Techniques III. Weighing C - E and E - C, Consecutive and Simultaneous CHAPTER 9 PROTOCOL ROUTINE EX.16 Background Notes 1: Diplomatic Style Fostered by Premier Zhou (E- C) EX. 17 Background Notes 2: Arrival of a Foreign Guest (E-C) EX.18 Meeting a Foreign Guest EX.19 Making Appointment EX.20 Making Appointments, Etc. (C- E) CHAPTER 10 WEATHER AND DINNER PARTIES EX.2l Background Notes 1: The Climate of Beijing (E-C) EX.22 Background Notes 2: On Dinner Parties(E - C) EX.23 Talking about the Weather EX.24 Entertaining Guests at Dinner EX.25 More Dialogues for Consecutive Interpretation (C-E) CHARTER 11 ON CHINA' S AGRICULTURE EX.26 Background Notes 1: A Brief Survey EX.27 Background Notes 2: More Facts & Figures EX.28 Background Notes 3: Visiting a Rural Household EX.29 Briefing on China's Agriculture EX.30 Visiting a Peasant's Home EX.31 Discussions on Modernization of China's Agriculture CHARTER 12 VISITING PLACES OF INTEREST EX. 32 Background Notes 1: A Brief Account of History of China EX.33 Background Notes 2: On China's Geography and Ethnic Groups EX.34 Background Notes 3: Expanding Tourism EX.35 A Brief Introduction to Beijing EX.36 Sightseeing Trip to the Great Wall & Ming Tombs EX.37 Touring the Summer Palace EX.38 Guilin to Yangshuo by Boat EX.39 Initial Discussion on Environmentai Protection CHARTER 13 DAY-TO-DAY CONVERSATION IN DIPLOMATIC SERVICE EX.40 Background Notes 1: Our Principled Stand in International Relations EX.41 Background Notes 2: China Adheres to Her Independent Foreign Policy of Peace EX.42 Background Notes 3: On Peace and Development EX.43 Asking the Foreign Office for Help EX.44 On Overseas Chinese EX.45 Expressing Regret & Lodging Protest EX.46 Exchange of Views on Disarmament EX.47 Discussions on Peace & Development and on Issues of Human Rights CHARTER 14 ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND INTERNAnONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION EX.48 Background Notes 1: On International Economic Situation & Establishment of NIEO EX.49 Background Notes 2: On Self-reliance EX.50 Background Notes 3: Our Basic View-points on International Economic Relations(C-E) EX.51 One Session of the Trade Talks (covering also discussions on TNCs and on trade liberalization) EX.52 Talking about Shipping Documents EX.53 Exchanging for Chinese Money (at a hotel bank) EX.54 Conversation on Income Tax Concerning Foreign Enterprises EX.55 A Briefing on UN/DTCD EX.56 Another Round of Trade Talks CHARTER 15 ON CHINA'S INDUSTRIES EX.57 Background Notes 1: A Brief Survey EX.58 Background Notes 2: 40 Years-Facts and Figures EX.59 Background Notes 3: Make Foreign Things Serve China EX.60 Making New Breakthroughs in Reform of State- owned Enterprises (SOEs) EX6l An Introduction to a Machinery Factory (C-E) EX.62 Discussion at a Factory Reception Room EX.63 A Casual Dialogue between Two Foreign Visitors EX.64 Further Discussion with a Foreign Guest CHARTER 16 DISCUSSIONS ON ART & LITERATURE EX.65 Background Notes 1: A High Ethical and Cultural Level EX.66 Background Notes 2: Some of Our Guiding Principles EX.67 Background Notes 3: On Policy Matters (C-E) EX.68 Going to a Concert EX.69 OnChinese Painting EX.70 On Music and Dance EX.71 On Chinese Acrobatics EX.72 Discussion on Chinese Arts and Crafts CHARTER 17 VISITING A DIVISION OF PLA & DISCUSSION ON RELATED MATTERS EX.73 Background Notes 1: A Brief Account of the History of PLA EX.74 Background Notes 2: Strengthen the Modernization of Our National Defence EX.75 A Brief Account of the History of Division 196 EX.76 Discussion at the Divisional Headquarters EX.77 Visiting Regiment 587 EX.78 Viewing Various Items of Military Training EX.79 Talk by a Visiting Ex-pilot from USA CHARTER18 ON CHINA'S POLITICAL SYSTEM EX.80 Background Notes 1: On the Constitution of People's Republic of China EX.8l Background Notes 2: On the National People's Congress(NPC) EX.82 Background Notes 3: On the Origin and Function of CPPCC EX.83 Discussion on China's Political System EX.84 On the Rights & Duties of the Citizens of China CHARTER 19 ON REVITALIZING THE NATION THROUGH SCIENCE AND EDUCATION EX.85 Background Notes 1: President Jiang on Vital Role of S&T at the Turn of the Century EX.86 Background Notes 2: On Implementation of the Strategies of Revitalizing the Nation through Science and Education and of Achieving Sustainable Development EX.87 Discussions on the Spark Programme and the Torch Programme of China EX.88 Discussion on China's New & High Technology CHARTER 20 ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT EX.89 Background Notes 1: Implementing the Strategy of Revitalizing the Nation through Science & Education and the Strategy of Sustainable Development EX.90 Background Notes 2: Development is the Absolute Principle EX. 91 Background Notes 3: UNEP Statement on Sustainable Development EX.92 Discussion on Environment and Development EX.93 Discussion on China's Strategy of Sustainable Development CHARTER 21 ON INTERNATIONAL SITUATION AND CHINA'S FOREIGN POLICY EX.94 Jiang Zemin's Statement on International Situation & Our Foreign Policy EX.95 Deng Xiaoping on National Sovereignty and Security EX.96 Excerpts from President Jiang Zemin's Speech at the U.N Special Meeting in Commenmoration of 50 th Anniversary of U. N EX.97 On Forging a Good-neighbourly Partnership of Mutual Trust between China and ASEAN EX.98 On China's Relations with Western Countries EX.99 Chinese Premier Congratulating the 30th Anniversary of the Founding of the Group of 77 EX. 100 Chinese Premier on Cooperation between Asia and Europe PART FOUR STEPPING-STONE TO COMPETENCY IN SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION CHARTER 22 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND EVALUATION I. On the Professional Ethics II On the Professional Evaluation CHARTER 23 BASICS OF SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETA TION TECHNIQUE I Striking a Proper Balance between Listening and Speaking II. Rendering the Idea, not Mere Words III. Keeping the Situation under Control IV Always Analysing the Peculiarities of Transference in Simultaneous Interpretation V. Always Trying to be Dialectical in Approach VI Samples Showing Application of Basic Simultaneous Interpretation Techniques EX.101 A Sample Speech for Simultaneous Interpreting PART FIVE PRACTISING SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION CHARTER 24 GENUINE KNOWLEDGE COMES FROM PRACTICE I. The Training Must be Severely Practical II. Setting a Higher Demand on Ourselves III. Features of Exercises in Part Five and Suggested Procedure to be Followed CHARTER 25 MORE ON PRACTISING SIGHT INTERPRETATION 1. Four Points of Attention for Interpreter-trainees EX. 102 Sample Texts for Practising Sight-interpretation, Focusing on Properly Chopping the Sentences into Sense Groups as Appropriate CHARTER 26 EXERCISES ON USEFUL EXPRESSIONS RELATING TO MEETINGS EX.103 Simultaneous Interpretation of Stock- phrases EX.104 Simultaneous Interpretation of Procedural Matters EX.105 Exercising Right of Reply (by Chinese Delegate) EX. 106 Speech in Explanation of Vote (for C - E Simultaneous Interpretation) CHARTER 27 SPEECHES, ETC. ON POLITICAL AND SECURITY MATTERS EX.107 Agenda Item:The Situation in the Occupied Arab Territories EX.108 Peace in the Atomic Age --- TV Speech by Einstein EX.109 Speech by Chinese Representative EX.110 Speech by Chinese Representative EX.lll Statement by Ministry Spokesman on Protesting Japan's Remarks on Surrounding Situation CHARTER 28 ON ECONOMIC MATTERS EX. 112 Speech by Barbados EX.ll3 Speech on North-South Relations (by UK Delegate) EX.114 Speech by Leader of the Chinese Delegation at Special Session of G.A. EX.115 Properly Addressing Globalization - Initial Comments on E/CN. 4/s11)0.2/1997/9 EX.116 Li Peng's Statememt at 1997 Annual Meeting of World Bank and IMF CHARTER 29 SPEECHES, ETC. ON SCIENTIFIC MATTERS EX.117 Role of Science & Technology in Development EX.118 A Talk on Computers EX.119 Speech by Chinese Delegate EX.120 The Use of Atoms EX.121 History of China's S&T Progress CHARTER 30 LEGAL MATTERS RELATING TO U.N ACTIVITIES EX.122 Main Contents of Provisional Agenda EX.123 Progress Report on Treaty-Making EX 124 On Combating International Terrorism EX.125 Views on D. 1/CP. 3 of FCCC Convention CHARTER 31 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT EX.126 Adoption of the Preamble to Agenda 21 EX.127 On Global Environment and Development EX.128 UNGA Statement of Commitment EX.129 Speech by Minister Chen Yaobang(at COP3) EX.130 Speech by Dr. Song Jian at the UNGA Special Session PART SIX KEY TO THE INTERPRETATION EXERCISES Chapter 32 STRIVE FOR COMPETENCY BOTH IN CONSECUTIVE AND IN SIMULTANEOUS KEY TO EX.1 KEY TO EX.2 KEY TO EX.3 KEY TO EX.4 KEY TO EX.5 KEY TO EX.6 KEY TO EX.7 KEY TO EX.8 KEY TO EX.9 KEY TO EX.10 KEY TO EX.ll KEY TO EX.12 KEY TO EX.13 KEY TO EX.14 KEY TO EX.15 KEY TO EX.16 KEY TO EX.17 KEY TO EX.18 KEY TO EX.19 KEY TO EX.20 KEY TO EX.21 KEY TO EX.22 KEY TO EX.23 KEY TO EX.24 KEY TO EX.25 KEY TO EX.26 KEY TO EX.27 KEY TO EX.28 KEY TO EX.29 KEY TO EX.30 KEY TO EX.31 KEY TO EX.32 KEY TO EX.33 KEY TO EX.34 KEY TO EX.35 KEY TO EX.36 KEY TO EX.37 KEY TO EX.38 KEY TO EX.39 KEY TO EX.40 KEY TO EX.41 KEY TO EX.42 KEY TO EX.43 KEY TO EX.44 KEY TO EX.45 KEY TO EX.46 KEY TO EX.47 KEY TO EX.48 KEY TO EX.49 KEY TO EX.50 KEY TO EX.5l KEY TO EX.52 KEY TO EX.53 KEY TO EX.54 KEY TO EX.55 KEY TO EX.56 KEY TO EX.57 KEY TO EX.58 KEY TO EX.59 KEY TO EX.60 KEY TO EX.6l KEY TO EX.62 KEY TO EX.63 KEY TO EX.64 KEY TO EX.65 KEY TO EX.64 KEY TO EX.67 KEY TO EX.68 KEY TO EX.69 KEY TO EX.70 KEY TO EX.71 KEY TO EX.72 KEY TO EX.73 KEY TO EX.74 KEY TO EX.75 KEY TO EX.76 KEY TO EX.77 KEY TO EX.78 KEY TO EX.79 KEY TO EX.80 KEY TO EX.8l KEY TO EX.82 KEY TO EX.83 KEY TO EX.84 KEY TO EX.85 KEY TO EX.86 KEY TO EX.87 KEY TO EX.88 KEY TO EX.89 KEY TO EX.90 KEY TO EX.91 KEY TO EX.92 KEY TO EX.93 KEY TO EX.94 KEY TO EX.95 KEY TO EX.96 KEY TO EX.97 KEY TO EX.98 KEY TO EX.99 KEY TO EX.100 KEY TO EX.101 KEY TO EX.102 KEY TO EX.103 KEY TO EX.104 KEY TO EX.105 KEY TO EX.106 KEY TO EX.107 KEY TO EX.108 KEY TO EX.109 KEY TO EX.ll0 KEY TO EX.111 KEY TO EX.112 KEY TO EX.ll3 KEY TO EX.114 KEY TO EX.ll5 KEY TO EX.116 KEY TO EX.ll7 KEY TO EX.ll6 KEY TO EX.l19 KEY TO EX.120 KEY TO EX.121 KEY TO EX.122 KEY TO EX.123 KEY TO EX.124 KEY TO EX.125 KEY TO EX.126 KEY TO EX.127 KEY TO EX.128 KEY TO EX.129 KEY TO EX.130 POSTSCRIPT Appendix A Brief Chinese Chronology

钟述孔，1949年毕业于四川大学英国语文学系。1950年入外交部亚洲司工作并兼任外交部高级翻译。1965年后，任北京外国语学院副教授、外交学院兼职教 授，后任联合国“中国译员培训部”兼职教授。1980年起，参与一系列国际会议，后出任联合国总部技术合作促进发展部政策与发展规划司司长。1990年任外交部国际司公使衔参赞；曾出席国际经济、发展、环境领域的一系列多边谈判会议；后任外交部环境问题特别顾问至今。目前仍受聘外交学院的兼职教授。 著作有：《英汉翻译手册》（商务印书馆，1980年）、《实用口译手册》（中国对外翻译出版公司，1981年、1999年增订版）、《21世纪的挑战和机遇》（世界知识出版社，1992年）、《国际经济关系和全球环境与发展》（英文，经贸大学出版社，1993年）等书。

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