哲学小辞典

为了适应广大工农兵、革命干部和革命知识分子学习马克思主义哲学的需要，去年我社已出版了《哲学小辞典》（儒法斗争史部分），现在继续出版《哲学小辞典》（辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义部分），欢迎同志们批评指正，以便今后进一步调整条目和修改内容。 一九七五年四月

目录 哲学总论 马克思主义哲学·························（1） 哲学········································（3） 哲学的基本问题·························（5） 哲学中的两军对战······················（7） 世界观·····································（9） 方法论·····································（11） 自然观·····································（12） 唯物主义和唯心主义 辩证唯物主义····························（15） 唯物主义··································（17） 朴素唯物主义····························（19） 机械唯物主义····························（20） 自然科学的唯物主义···················（22） 庸俗唯物主义····························（23） 唯心主义··································（25） 主观唯心主义····························（27） 客观唯心主义····························（28） 物质········································（30） 客观实在··································（32） 世界的物质性····························（32） 物质第一性、意识第二性·············（33） 自然界·····································（35） 无机界·····································（36） 有机界·····································（37） 宏观世界··································（38） 微观世界··································（39） 存在········································（40） 运动········································（41） 静止········································（43） 时间和空间·······························（44） 三度空间（三维空间）················（45） 思维········································（46） 精神········································（47） 意识········································（48） 意识的相对独立性······················（50） 思想········································（52） 思想体系··································（54） 观念········································（55） 知识········································（56） 才能········································（58） 语言和思维·······························（59） 马克思主义认识论······················（61） 认识论·····································（63） 主观和客观·······························（65） 主体和客体·······························（66） 知行统一观·······························（67） 思想路线··································（69） 思维和存在的同一性···················（70） 世界可知性·······························（72） 唯物论的反映论·························（73） 能动的革命的反映论···················（75） 唯心论的先验论·························（76） 天才论·····································（79） 内省的经验论····························（79） 怀疑论·····································（81） 感觉论·····································（82） 经验主义··································（84） 唯理论·····································（85） 社会实践··································（86） 实践和认识·······························（88） 感性认识··································（89） 理性认识··································（90） 物质变精神、精神变物质·············（92） 经验········································（94） 直接经验和间接经验···················（95） 感觉········································（97） 知觉········································（98） 表象········································（98） 映象········································（98） 科学的抽象·······························（99） 概念········································（100） 判断········································（102） 推理········································（103） 历史的和逻辑的一致···················（105） 逻辑、辩证法和唯物主义认识论的一致······（107） 规律········································（108） 主观能动性·······························（110） 实事求是··································（112） 科学的预见·······························（113） 动机和效果·······························（114） 自在之物和为我之物···················（115） 认识世界和改造世界···················（117） 真理········································（118） 真理的客观性····························（119） 真理的阶级性····························（121） 相对真理和绝对真理···················（122） 普遍真理··································（124） 真理的标准·······························（125） 真理和谬误·······························（127） 一元论·····································（128） 二元论·····································（129） 本体论·····································（130） 宿命论·····································（131） 目的论·····································（132） 有神论·····································（134） 无神论·····································（135） 泛神论·····································（137） 自然神论··································（138） 神秘主义··································（139） 信仰主义··································（140） 直觉主义··································（141） 客观主义··································（142） 自然主义··································（143） 主观主义··································（144） 教条主义··································（145） 烦锁哲学··································（147） 辩证法和形而上学 唯物辩证法·······························（149） 辩证法·····································（152） 客观辩证法和主观辩证法·············（154） 古代辩证法·······························（156） 黑格尔辩证法····························（158） 对立统一规律····························（161） 一分为二··································（164） 两重性·····································（167） 两点论·····································（168） 重点论·····································（171） 矛盾········································（172） 矛盾的普遍性和特殊性················（174） 主要矛盾和次要矛盾···················（176） 矛盾的主要方面和次要方面··········（178） 矛盾的同一性和斗争性················（180） 对抗性矛盾和非对抗性矛盾··········（182） 基本矛盾··································（184） 统一体·····································（186） 差异········································（188） 内因和外因·······························（189） 根据和条件·······························（190） 共性和个性·······························（192） 绝对和相对·······························（194） 对立面的转化····························（195） 物极必反··································（197） 波浪式前进·······························（198） 新陈代谢··································（200） 吐故纳新··································（201） 新事物和旧事物·························（203） 主流和支流·······························（205） 正面和反面·······························（206） 平衡和不平衡····························（208） 批判和继承·······························（209） 破与立·····································（211） 一种倾向掩盖另一种倾向·············（212） 务虚和务实·······························（214） 具体事物具体分析······················（215） 范畴········································（217） 质和量·····································（219） 规定性·····································（220） 量变和质变·······························（222） 渐变········································（224） 飞跃（突变）····························（225） 部分质变··································（227） 肯定和否定·······························（229） 否定之否定·······························（230） 本质和现象·······························（231） 假象········································（233） 全局和局部·······························（234） 个别和一般·······························（236） 内容和形式·······························（238） 原因和结果·······························（240） 必然和偶然·······························（242） 必然和自由·······························（244） 可能和现实·······························（245） 有限和无限·······························（247） 间断性和不间断性······················（248） 思维的至上性和非至上性·············（250） 决定论和非决定论······················（252） 本质联系和非本质联系················（253） 内部联系和外部联系···················（255） 属性········································（256） 度···········································（257） 度量关系交错线·························（258） 扬弃········································（259） 异化········································（260） 辩证逻辑··································（261） 形式逻辑··································（262） 具体和抽象·······························（264） 分析和综合·······························（265） 归纳和演绎·······························（267） 形而上学··································（268） 庸俗进化论·······························（272） 外因论·····································（273） 矛盾调和论·······························（275） 合二而一··································（277） 无冲突论··································（280） 诡辩论·····································（282） 折衷主义··································（284） 相对主义··································（286） 绝对主义··································（288） 机械论·····································（289） 均衡论·····································（291） 虚无主义··································（294） 形式主义··································（295） 自然辩证法·······························（296） 自然科学的物质结构学说·············（298） 吸引和排斥·······························（300） 能量守恒与转化定律···················（302） 细胞学说··································（304） 达尔文进化论····························（306） 生命········································（308） 激变论·····································（310） 天体演化学·······························（312） 太阳中心说·······························（314） 地球中心说·······························（317） 人类中心说·······························（318） 炼金术·····································（319） 燃素说·····································（321） 热素说·····································（322） 热之唯动说·······························（324） 电的以太说·······························（325） 量子力学··································（326） 相对论·····································（329） 历史唯物主义和历史唯心主义 历史唯物主义····························（331） 社会存在和社会意识···················（334） 社会物质生活条件······················（336） 生产方式··································（337） 生产力·····································（338） 生产关系··································（340） 生产关系一定要适合生产力性质的规律······（342） 经济基础和上层建筑···················（344） 人民群众在历史上的作用·············（346） 个人在历史上的作用···················（348） 社会········································（350） 社会的基本矛盾·························（351） 原始公社制度····························（353） 奴隶制度··································（354） 封建制度··································（356） 半殖民地半封建社会···················（358） 资本主义制度····························（360） 社会主义制度····························（363） 共产主义··································（365） 国家消亡··································（367） 历史唯心主义····························（369） 英雄史观··································（371） 多元论历史观····························（373） 唯生产力论·······························（373） 综合经济基础论·························（376） 社会达尔文主义·························（378） 社会有机论·······························（379） 地理环境决定论·························（380） 地理政治论·······························（382） 阶级和阶层·······························（383） 阶级斗争··································（385） 自在阶级和自为阶级···················（387） 阶级分析方法····························（388） 人的社会性和阶级性···················（390） 两类不同性质的社会矛盾·············（391） 国家········································（393） 政权········································（395） 国体和政体·······························（396） 人民民主专政····························（398） 资产阶级民主····························（399） 自由、平等、博爱······················（401） 宗教改革运动····························（402） 社会革命··································（404） 暴力革命··································（405） 资产阶级革命····························（407） 产业革命··································（408） 新民主主义革命·························（410） 马克思主义的不断革命论和革命发展阶段论······（412） 政变········································（414） 无产阶级政党····························（415） 路线斗争··································（417） 党的基本路线····························（419） 反潮流·····································（422） 群众路线··································（423） 群众、阶级、政党、领袖·············（425） 权威········································（427） 爱国主义··································（428） 国际主义··································（430） 第三世界··································（431） 民族········································（433） 民族主义··································（435） 社会主义社会的基本矛盾·············（437） 社会主义社会的阶级和阶级斗争····（439） 走资本主义道路的当权派·············（441） 无产阶级专政····························（443） 无产阶级民主····························（446） 民主集中制·······························（447） 社会主义革命····························（449） 无产阶级专政下继续革命的理论····（451） 无产阶级文化大革命···················（454） 资产阶级法权····························（457） 脑力劳动和体力劳动之间的对立和差别······（458） 城市和乡村之间的对立和差别·······（460） 工业和农业之间的对立和差别·······（462） 帝国主义··································（463） 社会帝国主义····························（466） 法西斯主义·······························（467） 现代军国主义····························（468） 霸权主义··································（469） 沙文主义··································（471） 种族主义··································（472） 世界主义··································（474） 战争与和平·······························（475） 唯武器论··································（476） 和平主义··································（478） 修正主义··································（479） 现代修正主义····························（481） 资产阶级改良主义······················（483） 和平过渡··································（484） 和平共处··································（486） 和平竞赛··································（487） 和平演变··································（488） 全民国家··································（490） 全民党·····································（491） 阶级斗争熄灭论·························（493） 人性论·····································（494） 人道主义··································（495） “左”倾机会主义··························（497） 右倾机会主义····························（499） 国防哲学··································（500） 社会意识形态····························（502） 政治和经济·······························（504） 法律········································（506） 艺术········································（508） 科学········································（510） 道德········································（511） 宗教········································（513） 家庭········································（515）

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