泡利物理学讲义：相对论

此书是世界图书出版公司出版的9卷本“泡利物理学讲义”中的第7卷，主题为相对论。沃尔夫冈·泡利是20世纪卓越的理论物理学家，1945年诺贝尔物理学奖得主，他在原子物理学和量子力学领域做出了重要贡献，发现了“泡利不相容原理”，建立了“中微子”假说，提出了二分量波函数的概念和著名的泡利自旋矩阵，并在量子场论、固体物理等领域都做了很多杰出的工作。泡利去世后，他晚年的助手查尔斯·恩斯教授编辑修订了他生前在苏黎世联邦理工学院的授课讲义的英文版，分6卷，分别为《电动力学》《光学和电子论》《热力学和气体分子运动论》《统计力学》《波动力学》和《场量子化选讲》，英文版由The MIT Press出版。泡利年轻的时候还写过两篇重要的长达数百页的综述长文《相对论》和《量子力学的普遍原理》，直至今日仍是相对论与量子力学领域重要的经典文献。1921年，泡利为德国的《数学科学百科全书》撰写了关于相对论的长篇综述文章，爱因斯坦阅读后评价道：“任何该领域的专家都不会相信，该文出自一个年仅21岁的青年人之手，作者在文中显示出来的对这个领域的理解力、熟练的数学推导能力、对物理深刻的洞察力、使问题明晰的能力、系统的表述、对语言的把握、对该问题的完整处理及对其评价，使任何一个人都会感到羡慕。”1933年，泡利又为德国的《物理百科全书》撰写了关于量子力学的长篇综述文章，很快也成为经典。这两篇综述长文后来都以单行本的方式独立出版。在泡利生命的最后一年，他又对两书进行了全面修订，英文版分别由Pergamon Press和Springer-Verlag再次出版。我们将这两本书作为“泡利物理学讲义”的第7卷和第8卷一起出版。1994年，Springer-Verlag又出版了同样由泡利晚年助手查尔斯·恩斯教授编辑的《泡利物理哲学文集》，此书包含了泡利撰写的关于空间、时间与因果性、对称、泡利不相容原理和中微子等的21篇重在阐述科学思想与哲学的文章和演讲稿。我们将此书作为“泡利物理学讲义”的第9卷。这套“泡利物理学讲义”对高等院校的学生与研究人员深刻理解物理原理会有极大的帮助。

Preface by W. Pauli Preface by A. Sommerfeld Bibliography Part 1. The Foundations of the Special Theory of Relativity 1. Historical Background (Lorentz, Poincaré, Einstein) 2. The Postulate of Relativity 3. The Postulate of the Constancy of the Velocity of Light. Ritz's and Related Theories 4. The Relativity of Simultaneity. Derivation of the Lorentz Transformation from the Two Postulates. Axiomatic Nature of the Lorentz Transformation 5. Lorentz Contraction and Time Dilatation 6. Einstein's Addition Theorem for Velocities and Its Application to Aberration and the Drag Coefficient. The Doppler Effect Part 2. Mathematical Tools 7. The Four-Dimensional Space-Time World (Minkowski) 8. More General Transformation Groups 9. Tensor Calculus for Affine Transformations 10. Geometrical Meaning of the Contravariant and Covariant Components of a Vector 11. "Surface" and "Volume" Tensors. Four-Dimensional Volumes 12. Dual Tensors 13. Transition to Riemannian Geometry 14. Parallel Displacement of a Vector 15. Geodesic Lines 16. Space Curvature 17. Riemannian Coordinates and Their Applications 18. The Special Cases of Euclidean Geometry and of Constant Curvature 19. The Integral Theorems of Gauss and Stokes in a Four-Dimensional Riemannian Manifold 20. Derivation of Invariant Differential Operations, Using Geodesic Components 21. Affine Tensors and Free Vectors 22. Reality Relations 23. Infinitesimal Coordinate Transformations and Variational Theorems Part 3. Special Theory of Relativity. Further Elaborations A. Kinematics 24. Four-Dimensional Representation of the Lorentz Transformation 25. The Addition Theorem for Velocities 26. Transformation Law for Acceleration. Hyperbolic Motion B. Electrodynamics 27. Conservation of Charge. Four-Current Density 28. Covariance of the Basic Equations of Electron Theory 29. Ponderomotive Forces. Dynamics of the Electron 30. Momentum and Energy of the Electromagnetic Field. Differential and Integral Forms of the Conservation Laws 31. The Invariant Action Principle of Electrodynamics 32. Applications to Special Cases 33. Minkowski's Phenomenological Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 34. Electron-Theoretical Derivations 35. Energy-Momentum Tensor and Ponderomotive Force in Phenomenological Electrodynamics. Joule Heat 36. Applications of the Theory C. Mechanics and General Dynamics 37. Equation of Motion. Momentum and Kinetic Energy 38. Relativistic Mechanics on a Basis Independent of Electrodynamics 39. Hamilton's Principle in Relativistic Mechanics 40. Generalized Coordinates. Canonical Form of the Equations of Motion 41. The Inertia of Energy 42. General Dynamics 43. Transformation of Energy and Momentum of a System in the Presence of External Forces 44. Applications to Special Cases. Trouton and Noble's Experiments 45. Hydrodynamics and Theory of Elasticity D. Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics 46. Behaviour of the Thermodynamical Quantities Under a Lorentz Transformation 47. The Principle of Least Action 48. The Application of Relativity to Statistical Mechanics 49. Special Cases Part 4. General Theory of Relativity 50. Historical Review, Up to Einstein's Paper of 1916 51. General Formulation of the Principle of Equivalence. Connection Between Gravitation and Metric 52. The Postulate of the General Covariance of the Physical Laws 53. Simple Deductions from the Principle of Equivalence 54. Influence of the Gravitational Field on Material Phenomena 55. The Action Principles for Material Processes in the Presence of Gravitational Fields 56. The Field Equations of Gravitation 57. Derivation of the Gravitational Equations from a Variational Principle 58. Comparison with Experiment 59. Other Special, Rigorous, Solutions for the Statical Case 60. Einstein's General Approximative Solution and Its Applications 61. The Energy of the Gravitational Field 62. Modifications of the Field Equations. Relativity of Inertia and the Space-Bounded Universe Part 5. Theories on the Nature of Charged Elementary Particles 63. The Electron and the Special Theory of Relativity 64. Mie's Theory 65. Weyl's Theory 66. Einstein's Theory 67. General Remarks on the Present State of the Problem of Matter Supplementary Notes Author Index Subject Index

沃尔夫冈·泡利（Wolfgang E. Pauli），美籍奥地利科学家、物理学家，1945年诺贝尔物理学奖得主。1900年4月25日生于奥地利维也纳，毕业于慕尼黑大学，1958年12月15日，在瑞士苏黎世逝世，享年58岁。泡利在原子物理学和量子力学领域做出了重要贡献，发现了“泡利不相容原理”，建立了“中微子”假说，提出了二分量波函数的概念和著名的泡利自旋矩阵，并在量子场论、固体物理等领域都做了很多杰出的工作。

暂无其它内容！

暂时还没有人为这本书评论！