Story Structure and Development

Professor Craig Caldwell’s Story Structure and Development offers a clear approach to the essentials of story. It lays out the fundamental elements, principles, and structure for animators, designers, and artists so they can incorporate these concepts in their work. As a practical guide it includes extensive insights and advice from industry professionals. Readers will learn the universal patterns of story and narrative used in today’s movies, animation, games, and VR. With over 200 colorful images, this book has been designed for visual learners, and is organized to provide access to story concepts for the screen media professional and student. Readers will discover the story fundamentals referred to by every director and producer when they say "It’s all about story".

Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Contents Author Part 1: Story Structure (the Plot) 1. Plot: The Structure What Is a Dramatic Story? Plot… What Is It? Story Elements 3 Act Structure Act Structures Plot: The Hero’s Journey Plot Structures: The Short Structure Comparisons What They All Have in Common? References 2. Setup: Act 1 Types of Setup Where to Start Traditional Setup Sequences Opening Image(s) Exposition Show Don’t Tell Inciting Incident Types of Inciting Incidents What’s at Stake? Story World Story Question References 3. Middle Middles Types of Conflict Elements of Conflict Increasing Conflict Turning Points/Reversals Five Story Turning Points Cause and Effect Crisis References 4. Endings Endings Climax Resolution Deus ex Machina Meaning References 5. Story Types Genres Story Concepts Only a Few Basic Plots Five Story Goals References Part 2: Story Elements 6. Story Elements Premise: What Is It About? Theme: What Does It Mean? Emotion Generating Emotion Setting References 7. Story Mechanics What Is a Scene? Purpose of a Scene Scene Components How Do Scenes Work? Types of Scene Endings Scene Checklist Narrative Questions Types of Narrative Questions Surprise Techniques for Surprise Suspense Techniques for Suspense Comedy Subplot Foreshadowing: Creating Anticipation References 8. Interactive Narrative Why Story in Games/VR? Story versus Narrative Environmental Storytelling VR Story (Telling?) References Part 3: Character Development 9. Character Character What Are the Dramatic Qualities of a Character? Character-Driven Story Character-Driven Categories Archetypes Stereotypes Backstory versus Character Profile Backstory Questions (External) Character Profile Questions (Internal) Identification/Empathy Love Your Characters References 10. Character Elements Story World as Character Goal: What a Character Wants Goal Traits Need: What a Character Really, Really Wants Conflict Reveals Character Choices that a Character Must Make Change Types of Change Character Arc Types of Character Arcs Character Flaws Types of Flaws References 11. Character Values/Motivation The Role of Conflict Fear: The Inner Journey Unity of Opposites Creating Interesting Characters Character Traits References Part 4: Idea Development 12. Generating Ideas Ideas Generating Story Ideas Research What If? Cliché Cliché Problems Point of View References 13. Story Development Development and Checklists Development Techniques Opposition: Antagonism Memorable Villain Traits Problems at the Beginning Know Your Ending Ingredients to a Good Ending Dialogue: Its Functions What kills Dialogue Subtext Subtext Techniques Metaphors and Symbols Making the Story… Short References 14. Viewer (the Audience) The Viewer’s Expectations Who Knows What? When? (Directing a Viewer’s Attention) A Story Trick Gaps Internal Gaps External Gaps Believability Coincidences References Index

Craig Caldwell has worked extensively in both the screen industry and higher education. His industry experience includes Walt Disney Feature Animation Artist Development for such features as Tarzan, Tangled, Mulan, Dinosaur, Chicken Little. Not long afterwards at Electronic Arts, he led artistic training for such games as Madden Football and Superman. Currently, he is a USTAR Professor in Digital Media at University of Utah, where he co-founder the Entertainment Arts and Engineering master’s program, ranked #1 video game program by the Princeton Review. His academic experience includes Head of the largest film school in Australia, the Griffith University Film School with its interdisciplinary emphasis on animation, games, and film, and at University of Arizona where he was Chair of the Media Arts Department. He frequently presents on story at conferences such as SIGGRAPH, FMX, Mundos Digitales. His students have gone on to work for every major film and animation studio.

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