Effective Java（第3版）（英文版）

自从Java 6 发布之后，Java 又有了翻天覆地的变化。《Effective Java（第3版）（英文版）》涵盖了Java 7、Java 8 和Java 9 中语言和库的各种新特性。让你能够深入了解Java 平台的细微之处。通过对每一个项目的全面描述和解释，告诉你应该做什么、不应该做什么，以及为什么要这样做。

1 Introduction 1 2 Creating and Destroying Objects 5 Item 1: Consider static factory methods instead of constructors 5 Item 2: Consider a builder when faced with many constructor parameters 10 Item 3: Enforce the singleton property with a private constructor or an enum type 17 Item 4: Enforce noninstantiability with a private constructor 19 Item 5: Prefer dependency injection to hardwiring resources 20 Item 6: Avoid creating unnecessary objects 22 Item 7: Eliminate obsolete object references 26 Item 8: Avoid finalizers and cleaners 29 Item 9: Prefer try-with-resources to try-finally. 34 3 Methods Common to All Objects 37 Item 10: Obey the general contract when overriding equals 37 Item 11: Always override hashCode when you override equals 50 Item 12: Always override toString 55 Item 13: Override clone judiciously 58 Item 14: Consider implementing Comparable 66 4 Classes and Interfaces 73 Item 15: Minimize the accessibility of classes and members 73 Item 16: In public classes, use accessor methods, not public fields 78 Item 17: Minimize mutability 80 Item 18: Favor composition over inheritance 87 Item 19: Design and document for inheritance or else prohibit it 93 Item 20: Prefer interfaces to abstract classes 99 Item 21: Design interfaces for posterity 104 Item 22: Use interfaces only to define types. 107 Item 23: Prefer class hierarchies to tagged classes 109 Item 24: Favor static member classes over nonstatic 112 Item 25: Limit source files to a single top-level class 115 5 Generics. 117 Item 26: Don’t use raw types 117 Item 27: Eliminate unchecked warnings. 123 Item 28: Prefer lists to arrays 126 Item 29: Favor generic types. 130 Item 30: Favor generic methods 135 Item 31: Use bounded wildcards to increase API flexibility 139 Item 32: Combine generics and varargs judiciously. 146 Item 33: Consider typesafe heterogeneous containers 151 6 Enums and Annotations 157 Item 34: Use enums instead of int constants. 157 Item 35: Use instance fields instead of ordinals 168 Item 36: Use EnumSet instead of bit fields 169 Item 37: Use EnumMap instead of ordinal indexing. 171 Item 38: Emulate extensible enums with interfaces 176 Item 39: Prefer annotations to naming patterns 180 Item 40: Consistently use the Override annotation. 188 Item 41: Use marker interfaces to define types 191 7 Lambdas and Streams 193 Item 42: Prefer lambdas to anonymous classes 193 Item 43: Prefer method references to lambdas 197 Item 44: Favor the use of standard functional interfaces 199 Item 45: Use streams judiciously 203 Item 46: Prefer side-effect-free functions in streams 210 Item 47: Prefer Collection to Stream as a return type. 216 Item 48: Use caution when making streams parallel 222 8 Methods 227 Item 49: Check parameters for validity 227 Item 50: Make defensive copies when needed 231 Item 51: Design method signatures carefully 236 Item 52: Use overloading judiciously 238 Item 53: Use varargs judiciously 245 Item 54: Return empty collections or arrays, not nulls 247 Item 55: Return optionals judiciously 249 Item 56: Write doc comments for all exposed API elements 254 9 General Programming 261 Item 57: Minimize the scope of local variables 261 Item 58: Prefer for-each loops to traditional for loops 264 Item 59: Know and use the libraries 267 Item 60: Avoid float and double if exact answers are required 270 Item 61: Prefer primitive types to boxed primitives 273 Item 62: Avoid strings where other types are more appropriate 276 Item 63: Beware the performance of string concatenation 279 Item 64: Refer to objects by their interfaces 280 Item 65: Prefer interfaces to reflection 282 Item 66: Use native methods judiciously. 285 Item 67: Optimize judiciously 286 Item 68: Adhere to generally accepted naming conventions 289 10 Exceptions 293 Item 69: Use exceptions only for exceptional conditions 293 Item 70: Use checked exceptions for recoverable conditions and runtime exceptions for programming errors 296 Item 71: Avoid unnecessary use of checked exceptions 298 Item 72: Favor the use of standard exceptions. 300 Item 73: Throw exceptions appropriate to the abstraction. 302 Item 74: Document all exceptions thrown by each method. 304 Item 75: Include failure-capture information in detail messages. 306 Item 76: Strive for failure atomicity 308 Item 77: Don’t ignore exceptions 310 11 Concurrency 311 Item 78: Synchronize access to shared mutable data 311 Item 79: Avoid excessive synchronization 317 Item 80: Prefer executors, tasks, and streams to threads 323 Item 81: Prefer concurrency utilities to wait and notify 325 Item 82: Document thread safety 330 Item 83: Use lazy initialization judiciously 333 Item 84: Don’t depend on the thread scheduler 336 12 Serialization 339 Item 85: Prefer alternatives to Java serialization 339 Item 86: Implement Serializable with great caution 343 Item 87: Consider using a custom serialized form 346 Item 88: Write readObject methods defensively 353 Item 89: For instance control, prefer enum types to readResolve 359 Item 90: Consider serialization proxies instead of serialized instances 363 Items Corresponding to Second Edition 367 References. 371 Index 377

Joshua Bloch是Java 集合框架创办人，领导了很多 Java 平台特性的设计和实现，包括 JDK 5.0 语言增强以及屡获殊荣的 Java 集合框架。2004年6月他离开了SUN公司并成为 Google 的首席 Java 架构师。此外他还因为《Effective Java》一书获得著名的 Jolt 大奖。

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