西方哲学史：原著注释版

本书为中英双语两本，以硬装盒装形式呈现。它是一部讲述西方哲学发展历程的著作，其雏形为梯利教授在大学任教时的讲义。此次出版，共有中英文两本。具体分为希腊哲学、中世纪哲学、近代哲学三编。往下又划分为自然哲学、知识和行为问题、重建时期、伦理运动、宗教运动、基督教和中世纪哲学的古典来源、经院哲学的形成期、文艺复兴时期的哲学、英国经验主义的开端、欧洲大陆的唯理论、启蒙运动哲学、康德的批判哲学、德国的唯心主义、黑格尔之后的德国哲学、法国和英国的哲学、法对理性主义和唯心主义等二十篇。篇下设章，讲述更为具体。文后附原书索引，便于读者检索细目。中文字数接近七十万，是一部规模宏大的哲学史著作。此次中英文两册一起出版，规模浩大，出版方特意延请业内的两位哲学博士共同翻译打造校准，力求让此选题更加精准、完善，让更多学人、哲学爱好者，一起了解并传播西方哲学。 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 作者卓越：西方哲学发展史上无论古代中世纪还是近现代，百花齐放，名家辈出，其中梯利似乎并不独特，然而恰恰是他，写出了中西方学界公认的最公正、客观、全面的哲学史，其架构、论述类别、视角都独树一帜。 书籍经典：哲学史上第一部以讲义为基础、以史家宏观视角编写的哲学著作。影响深远。是学习哲学的人士案头必备工具书，与罗素的西哲史并驾齐驱，为哲学界之双璧。 译文优秀：本书为北京大学哲学博士贾辰阳和解本远二位专家联袂翻译打造，历时多年，殚精竭虑，译文考究，再三锤炼，摒弃旧式哲学类书晦涩艰深超过原文的通病，通俗，易懂，精准，同类书籍，无出其右。

Contents Introduction 1 PART ONE. GREEK PHILOSOPHY I. Philosophy of Nature 7 1. ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY GREEK THOUCHT 7 History of Greek Philosophy — Environment— Politics — Literature — Religious Origins of Greek Philosophy — Survey of Greek Philosophy 2. DEVELOPMENT OF PRE-SOPHISTIC PHILOSOPHY 20 3. THE PROBLEM OF SUBSTANCE 23 Thales — Anaximander — Anaximenes — Pythagoras and His School 4. THE PROBLEM OF CHANGE 31 Permanence and Change — Heraclitus — The Eleatic School 5. QUALITATIVE THEORIES 40 Solution of the Riddle of Change — Empedocles — Anaxagoras 6. QUANTITATIVE THEORIES 46 The Atomism of Democritus — Metaphysics and Cosmology — Psychology and Theory of Knowledge — Theology and Ethics II. Problems of Knowledge and Conduct 52 7. THE AGE OF THE SOPHISTS 52 Progress of Thought — Greek Enlightenment — The Sophists 8. SOCRATES AND THE SOCRATIC SCHOOLS 62 The Socratic Problem — The Socratic Method — The Socratic Ethics — The Socratic Schools III. The Age of Reconstruction 73 9. PLATO 73 Plato and His Problem — Dialectic and Theory of Knowledge — Hierarchy of the Sciences — Doctrine of Ideas — Philosophy of Nature — Cosmology — Psychology — Doctrine of Immortality — Ethics — Politics — Plato’s Historical Position — The Platonic School 10. ARISTOTLE 95 Aristotle’s Problems — Philosophy and the Sciences — Logic — Metaphysics — The Four Causes — Theology — Physics — Biology — Psychology — Ethics — Politics — Aristotle’s Genius and Influence — Post-Aristotelian Philosophy IV. The Ethical Movement 120 11. THE OUTLOOK 120 12. EPICUREANISM 122 The Problem — Logic and Epistemology — Meta- physics — Psychology — Ethics — Social and Political Philosophy 13. STOICISM 130 Zeno and His School — Logic and Theory of Knowl- edge — Metaphysics — Cosmology — Psychology — Ethics — Politics — Religion — Résumé of Greek Ethics 14. SKEPTICISM AND ECLECTICISM 141 The Skeptical School — Doctrines of the School — Later Skeptics — Eclecticism V. The Religious Movement 145 15. JEWISH-GREEK PHILOSOPHY 145 Philosophy and Religion — Beginnings of Jewish-Greek Philosophy — Philo 16. NEOPLATONISM 149 Pythagorean Sources of Neoplatonism — Neoplatonism — Plotinus — Later Neoplatonism — Closing of the School at Athens PART TWO. MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY VI. Christian and Classical Sources of Medieval Philosophy 159 17. TRANSITION TO MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY 159 Delimitation of the Medieval Period — The Patristic Period 18. THE BEGINNINGS OF CHRISTIANITY 163 Early Christianity — Christianity and Classical Culture 19. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY 165 Early Theology — Gnostics — The Apologists — Teach- ings of the Apologists — The Logos Doctrine — Free Will and Original Sin 20. CHRISTIANITY AND CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY 173 Christianity as a Creed — The School at Alexandria — The Nicene Creed — The Background of St. Augustine 21. ST. AUGUSTINE 180 Theory of Knowledge — Theology — The Problem of Evil — Psychology — Ethics — Freedom of the Will 22. SCHOLASTICISM: ITS NATURE AND PROBLEMS 188 The Meanings of “Scholasticism” — The Problems of Scholasticism — Relation of Faith and Reason — Rela- tion Of Will to Intellect — The Problem of Universals VII. The Formative Period of Scholasticism 202 23. JOHN SCOTUS ERIGENA: A NEOPLATONIC REVERSION 202 Faith and Knowledge — Pantheism — Mysticism 24. THE BEGINNINGS OF THE CONTROVERSY OVER UNIVERSALS 204 Early Schoolmen — Roscelin’s Nominalism — The Meaning of Realism 25. ANSELM OF CANTERBURY: THE FIRST SCHOLASTIC SYNTHESIS 207 Proofs for the Existence of God — Contemporaries of Anselm 26. PETER ABELARD AND TWELFTH-CENTURY SCHOLASTICISM 209 The School of Chartres — The “Sentences” — John of Salisbury 27. ANTI-SCHOLASTIC TENDENCIES IN THE TWELFTH CENTURY 213 Mysticism — Pantheism 28. SYMPTOMS OF UNREST 215 Opposition to Scholasticism — Organization of Learning — Discovery of Aristotle VIII. The Period of Maturity: The Thirteenth Century 218 29. ARABIAN PHILOSOPHY 218 Greek Sources — Conflicting Schools — Rationalists — Downfall of Philosophy in the East — The Spanish School — Jewish Philosophy 30. THE INFLUENCE OF ARISTOTLE 224 Scholasticism and Aristotle — Augustinian Theology — Albertus Magnus 31. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS: THE CULMINATION OF SCHOLASTICISM 226 Philosophy and Theology — Theory of Knowledge — Metaphysics — Theology — Psychology — Ethics — Politics — Followers of St. Thomas 32. SOME ANTI-SCHOLASTIC TENDENCIES: MYSTICISM, PAN- THEISM, AND NATURAL SCIENCE 237 Mysticism — Logic — Natural Science — The Doctrine of the Twofold Truth — Raymond Lully IX. Period of Decline: After the Thirteenth Century 241 33. JOHN DUNS SCOTUS 241 Opposition to St. Thomas — Faith and Knowledge — The Doctrine of Universals — Theology — Psychology — God and the Moral Law 34. THE REWVAL OF NOMINALISM 247 William of Occam — Nominalism vs. Realism — Fol- lowers of Occam 35. FOURTEENTH-CENTURY MYSTICISM 250 Orthodox and Heretical Mystics — Meister Eckhart 36. THE PROGRESS OF SECULARISM AND FREE THOUGHT 253 Medieval Rationalism — The Rise of Nationalism — Heretical Tendencies — The Spirit of Free Inquiry PART THREE. MODERN PHILOSOPHY X. Philosophy of the Renaissance 261 37. THE NEW ENLIGHTENMENT 261 Reason and Authority—Humanism 38. NEW PHILOSOPHIES 263 Platonism — Nicolas of Cusa — The True Aristotle — Reform of Science, Philosophy, and Logic 39. PHILOSOPHY OF NATURE AND NATURAL SCIENCE 266 Occultism — Philosophy of Nature — The Scientific Movement 40. GIORDANO BRUNO AND TOMMASO CAMPANELLA 271 Bruno — Campanella 41. NEW THEORIES OF THE STATE; PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION; SKEPTICISM 273 Scholastic Theory of the State — Machiavelli — The New Politics — Evolution of the Modern State — Nat- ural Religion of Herbert of Cherbury — Skepticism 42. RELIGIOUS REFORM 277 Spirit of the Reformation — Protestant Scholasticism — Mysticism of Jacob Boehme 43. THE SPIRIT OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY 280 Characteristics of the Modern Era — Empiricism and Rationalism XI. The Beginnings of British Empiricism 285 44. FRANCIS BACON 285 The Reform of Science — Inductive Method — Program of Philosophy — Philosophy of Man — Metaphysics and Theology — Bacon as an Empiricist 45. THOMAS HOBBES 293 Aim and Method — Theory of Knowledge — Meta- physics — Psychology — Politics XII. Continental Rationalism 301 46. RENÉ DESCARTES 301 Descartes’ Problem — Classification of the Sciences — Method and Criterion of Knowledge — Proofs of the Existence of God — Truth and Error — Existence of the External World — Relation of Mind and Body Psychology of the Emotions — The Theory of Innate Ideas 47. SUCCESSORS OF DESCARTES 314 Difficulties in Descartes’ Philosophy — Occasionalism — Arnold Geulincx — The Idealism of Malebranche — The Mysticism of Pascal — The Skepticism of Bayle 48. BENEDICT SPINOZA 319 Rationalism — Method — The Universal Substance — Attributes of God — The Doctrine of Modes — The Human Mind — Theory of Knowledge — Intellect and Will — Ethics and Politics — Intellectual Love of God XIII. The Development of British Empiricism 333 49. JOHN LOCKE 333 Locke’s Problem — Origin of Knowledge — Nature and Validity of Knowledge — The Limits of Knowledge — Metaphysics — Ethics — Free Will — Political Philos- ophy — Theory of Education 50. LOCKE’S INFLUENCE 352 Extent of Locke’s Influence — Theological Influence — Sensationalism and Associationism — Ethical Theory — Economics Theory 51. GEORGE BERKELEY 358 Berkeley’s Problem — Rejection of Abstract Ideas — To Be Is to Be Perceived — The World of Spirits — Objections Answered — Knowledge of Ideas, Spirits, and Relations — Refutation of Dualism, Atheism, and Skepticism 52. DAVID HUME 367 Hume’s Problem — Science of Human Nature — Origin of Knowledge — Relation of Cause and Effect — Validity of Knowledge — Knowledge of the External World — Denial of Soul-substance — Liberty and Necessity — God — Voluntarism and Anti-intellectualism 53. THE RATIONALISTIC REACTION IN ENGLAND 381 Cambridge Platonism — The Scottish Common-sense School XIV. The Development of Rationalism in Germany 384 54. GOTTFRIED WILHELM LEIBNIZ 384 German Culture before Leibniz — The Problem — The Doctrine of Force — The Doctrine of Monads — Theology — Ethics — Logic and Theory of Knowledge 55. SUCCESSORS OF LEIBNIZ 398 Christian Wolff — Mysticism and Romanticism XV. The Philosophy of the Enlightenment 401 56. THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 401 Voltaire 57. PROGRESS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT 403 The Enlightenment in England — The German Enlightenment — Materialism and Evolutionism — Progress in the Sciences — Jean Jacques Rousseau XVI. The Critical Philosophy of Immanuel Kant 410 58. IMMANUEL KANT 410 Kant’s Heritage from His Predecessors — Kant’s Problem — The Problem of Knowledge — The Transcendental Method — Preliminary Analysis of Experience — The Theory of Sense Perception — The Theory of the Understanding — Validity of Judgment — The Unity of Self-consciousness — Knowledge of Things-in-themselves — Impossibility of Metaphysics — Use of Meta- physics in experience — Use of Teleology in Nature — Practical Use of Reason and Moral Theology — Ethics 59. SUCCESSORS OF KANT 445 Problems Raised by Kant — Idealism and the Thing- in-itself — Herder — Jacobi XVII. German Idealism 450 60. JOHANN GOTTLJEB FICHTE 450 Post-Kantian Philosophy — Fichte’s Principle — Aim and Method of the Science of Knowledge — Knowledge of the Ego — The External World — Objective Idealism — Moral Philosophy — The New Idealism and Romanticism 61. FRIEDRICH WILHELM SCHELLING 466 Philosophy of Nature — Philosophy of Mind — Logic and Intuition 62. FRIEDRICH SCHLEIERMACHER 473 Philosophy of Religion — Knowledge and Faith — God, the World, and the Individual 63. GEORG WILHELM HEGEL 476 Hegel and His Predecessors — The Problem of Philosophy — The Dialectical Method — Thought and Being — Logic and Metaphysics — Philosophy of Nature and Philosophy of Mind — Philosophy of Right — Art, Religion, and Philosophy — Hegelian Schools XVIII. German Philosophy after Hegel 490 64. THE REALISM OF JOHANN FRIEDRICH HERBART 490 Opposition to Hegelianism — Realistic Conception of Philosophy — Metaphysics — Psychology — The Science of Values 65. SCHOPENHAUER 496 The World as Will and Idea—Will in Nature and in Man — Pessimism — Ethics of Pity and Self-denial — Von Hartmann’s Philosophy of the Unconscious 66. NIETZSGHE 501 Nietzsche’s Predecessors —“The Will to Power” — The Eternal Recurrence — Attack on Christianity — The Function of Reason- Metaphysics and Epistemology — Nietzsche’s Influence 67. NATURAL SCIENCE AND MATERIALISM 507 Reaction against Speculative Philosophy — Materialism 68. THE REVIVAL OF IDEALISM IN GERMANY 509 Neo-Kantianism — Revival of Criticism — Lotze — Fechner — Wundt — The Philosophies of Value — Windelband — Eucken XIX. Philosophy in France and England 518 69. POSITIVISM AND ITS OPPONENTS IN FRANCE 518 Reaction against Sensationalism — Saint-Simon — Comte — Idealistic Opposition to Positivism — Renouvier — Fouillée 70. SCOTTISH RATIONALISTIC PHILOSOPHY 526 Whewell — Hamilton 71. THE EMPIRICISM OF JOHN STUART MILL 529 Empiricism and Positivism — Science and Social Reform — Logic — Inductive Inference — Warrant of Induction — The Law of Causation — Rejection of a priori Truths — The External World and the Self — Reform of the Mental and Moral Sciences — Psychological Determinism — Ethology — Social Science — Ethics 72. THE EVOLUTIONISM OF HERBERT SPENCER 545 The Ideal of Knowledge — Relativity of Knowledge — Persistence of Force — Mind and Matter — The Law of Evolution — Biology — Psychology — The External World — Ethics — Politics 73. THE NEW IDEALISM IN ENGLAND AND THE UNITED STATES 557 The Influence of German Idealism — Thomas Hill Green — F. H. Bradley — Royce XX. Reaction against Rationalism and Idealism 569 74. ROMANTIC REACTION AGAINST RATIONALISM 569 Merits of Anti-intellectualism — Tacit Appeal to Reason — Dangers of Extreme Rationalism — Protests against the Block Universe — Intellect and Intuition 75. EXISTENTIALISM IN GERMANY 578 The Discovery of Kierkegaard — The Existential- ism of Heidegger and Jaspers — The Significance of Existentialism 76. SCIENTIFIC CONVENTIONALISM AND FICTIONALISM 585 Mach — Avenarius — Vaihinger’s Fictionalism — Poin- caré’s Conventionalism — Recent Positivistic Tendencies 77. PRAGMATISM 597 C. S. Peirce’s Pragmatic Principle — James’ Pragmatism — Dewey’s Instrumentalism and Experimentalism 78. THE INTUITIONISM OF HENRI BERGSON 615 Intellect and Intuition — Metaphysics 79. THE DEVELOPMENT OF GERMAN PHENOMENOLOGY 618 Brentano’s “Intentional” Psychology — Meinong’s Theory of Objects — Husserl’s Phenomenology 80. RECENT BRITISH REALISM 623 G. E. Moore — Bertrand Russell — Samuel Alexander — A. N. Whitehead 81. RECENT AMERICAN REALISM 635 New Realism — Critical Realism Index 641

弗兰克•梯利（Frank Thilly，1865—1934），美国著名哲学家和哲学史家，曾先后在密苏里州立大学、普林斯顿大学、康乃尔大学教授哲学和心理学，并于1915年至1921年间担任康奈尔大学文学院院长。著作有《西方哲学史》《伦理学导论》等。

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