Shaping the Industrial Century

The dean of business historians continues his masterful chronicle of the transforming revolutions of the twentieth century begun in "Inventing the Electronic Century". Alfred Chandler argues that only with consistent attention to research and development and an emphasis on long-term corporate strategies could firms remain successful over time. He details these processes for nearly every major chemical and pharmaceutical firm, demonstrating why some companies forged ahead while others failed.

Preface vii Acknowledgments ix I Overview 1 Differences, Concepts, Themes, and Approach 3 2 Evolving Paths of Learning 19 II The Chemical Industry 3 The Major American Companies 41 4 The Focused American Companies 83 5 The European Competitors 114 6 The American Competitors 144 III The Pharmaceutical Industry 7 The American Companies: The Prescription Path 177 8 The American Companies: The Over-the-Counter Path 213 9 The American and European Competitors 230 10 Commercializing Biotechnology 260 IV Paths of Learning 11 The Three Revolutions: Industrial, Information, and Biotechnology 283 Notes 315 Index 345

Alfred D. Chandler, Jr. is Isidor Straus Professor of Business History, Emeritus, at Harvard Business School.

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